From Lee, Pipino, Funk & Wang "Journey to Data Quality" (2006)

Data Element: smallest unit of named data that has meaning in the context of the operational environment.

Information Product (IP): a collection of data element instances that meets the specified requirements of a data consumer.

IP-MAP: a sytematic representation of the process involved in manufacturing or creating an information product.

Corporate Household Knowledge: knowledge about organizations and their relationships (a poor definition, but an important concept).  Appears to be the "as-is" business architecture with an RDBMS bent - that is, to address entity identification (what things are the same), entity aggregation (what things to include), and transparency (what is in the lineage).

From Christensen, Grossman & Hwang, "The Innovator's Prescription" (2009)

Every Disruption is comprised of three components:

1. A technological enabler which transforms a technical problem from a complex one into a simple one
2. A business model innovation which can take the technology to market at low cost
   1. value proposition
   2. resources
   3. processes
   4. profit formula
3. A value network of suppliers and distributors who's business models are aligned with 1. and 2.

• "Affordability comes from reducing complexity-driven overhead, and quality stems from rational integration around the jobs of patients" p.422
• Adam Smith's "Invisible Hand" v. Alfred Chandler's "Visible Hand of Managerial Capitalism"
• sustaining innovation/competition v. disruptive innovation/competition
• "Jobs arise in the(lives of customers) that they need to do, and they hire products or services to do these jobs" p.11
• "Proprietary integration of the company's resources, processes, and profit formula in order to do a job that the custoemr is trying to do is the essence of competitive advantage" p.14
• "...convenience and cost are not jobs(, j)obs exist independently of a market for products that can be hired to do them(, a)nd the job exists independently of customers as well" p. 17
• "We know of no business that has successfully housed two fundamentally different business models within the same operating unit." p.76
• "Only when an organization's resources, processes and profit model are focused around a job-to-be-done can they be intergrated in a correct and optimzed way that does the job as perfectly as possible" p.79
• "It was only by understanding the jobs to be done that they could see how to correctly integrate, in order to orchestrate ... as perfectly as possible" p.80
• "Low cost comes from focus.  Quality comes from correct integration to get a job done." p. 96
• "Quality should only be expressed realtive to the job-to-be-done." p. 122
• "The value of solving a correctly defined problem is immense, in every industry." p.157
• The Chronic Quadrangle p. 161
• "To predict what actions people will prioritize, we need to watch what they do, because we are often misled when we listen to what they say." p. 170
• "An innovation which makes it easier and cheaper for people to do what they are already trying to do is called a "killer app"." p. 171
• "Maintaining health is a job that only a minority of people prioritize in their lives.  For the rest becoming healthy only becomes a priority job after they become sick." p. 172
• "A business model is built around a value proposition that helps a group of customers do more effectively, affordably, and conveniently a job they have long been trying to do.  Understanding the job is a prerequisite to integrating resources and processes in a coherent way that optimally gets it done.  Then and only then can consumers truly be satisfied.  The fact that hsopitals and physicians' practices are not job-focused, but instead aspire to do anything for anybody, has caused them not to be integrated correctly.  In their current configuration, they cannot be consumer-driven." p. 215
• "When products don't perform well enough or reliably enough, competitive advantage goes to those firms that compete with proprietary, optimized product or process architectures."  p. 267
• "As a general rule, money is made at the stage(s) in the value chain where the performance of the overall system is determined." p. 278
• "Many who have written about health-care reform urge in an undifferentiated way for transparency - for disclosure of outcomes data for individual hospitals and physicians.  We have concluded that a key reason why such transparency hasn't emerged is that what these reformers have urged is not just overly simplistic: it is an impossible appples and oranges problem." p. 381
• "Regulatory insistence on compliance to inputs and process standards eventually can become a hindrance to further innovation if a pioneering company could potenetially figure out a way to deliver superior outcomes by deviating from convention." ppg. 381-2

From James Feldbaum MD in Healthcare Informatics October 2009 

Fallibilism (Charles Sanders Pierce): all knowledge can, in principle, be mistaken.

Falsifiability (Karl Popper): the logical possibility that an asssertion can be shown to be false by observation.

• Duhem-Quine Hypothesis: it is impossible to test a scientific hypothesis in isolation because it rests on one or more background assumptions (i.e. hypotheses).
• Scientific Paradigms (Thomas Kuhn): what members of a scientific community and they alone share.
  • my interpretation - paradigms are the hypotheses being tested and their background assumptions.
• The notion that theories are more or less fit to a problem set
  • my interpretation - that falsifiability is like extinction and that verifiability is like selection
• That theories need no justification i.e. there are no such things as good positivist reasons, but that theories with justification may be fitter
• That a falsified/false theory may still yield satisfactory predictions, but that an unfalsified theory with satisfactory predictions is fitter
• That unfalsifiable theories may still yield productive research programs (Darwinism) and are therfore fitter than unfalsiable theories which do not yield productive research programs

Reflexivity: any situation where causality is bidirectional between cause and effect.

• Thomas Theorem (William I. Thomas): "the situations that men define as true, become true for them."
• Self-Fulfilling Prophecy (Robert K Merton): a false prediction which causes itself to become true.
• Reflexive Economics (George Soros): the act of beholding a valuation affects that valuation in either a virtuous or vicious cycle.